# Unit 2 https://learn.unity.com/tutorial/unit-2-introduction?uv=2021.3&pathwayId=5f7e17e1edbc2a5ec21a20af&missionId=5f71fe63edbc2a00200e9de0&projectId=5cdcc312edbc2a24a41671e6#5d1ba822edbc2a002175788d # Introduction we will make a top down prototype where you shoot things that come after you, kindof like galiga except in 3d and not at all like galiga XD # Lesson 2.1 - Player Positioning
Summary
Overview:
You will begin this unit by creating a new project for your second Prototype and getting basic player movement working. You will first choose which character you would like, which types of animals you would like to interact with, and which food you would like to feed those animals. You will give the player basic side-to-side movement just like you did in Prototype 1, but then you will use if-then statements to keep the Player in bounds.
Project Outcome:
The player will be able to move left and right on the screen based on the user’s left and right key presses, but will not be able to leave the play area on either side.
**Materials** [
Prototype 2 - Starter Files.zip ](https://connect-prd-cdn.unity.com/20210507/bfd26de3-a68a-4a16-8cf6-8eacf2bb7f75/Prototype%202%20-%20Starter%20Files.zip)Select your Unity version
2021.1 - 2021.3
# 1.Create a new Project for Prototype 2 -
Open Unity Hub and create an empty “Prototype 2” project in your course directory on the correct Unity version. If you forget how to do this, refer to the instructions in [Lesson 1.1 - Step 1](https://learn.unity.com/tutorial/set-up-your-first-project-in-unity?uv=2018.4&courseId=5cf96c41edbc2a2ca6e8810f&projectId=5caccdfbedbc2a3cef0efe63#5cb7a1acedbc2a10b7261d15)
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Click to download the [Prototype 2 Starter Files](https://connect-prd-cdn.unity.com/20210507/bfd26de3-a68a-4a16-8cf6-8eacf2bb7f75/Prototype%202%20-%20Starter%20Files.zip?_ga=2.29238268.1186801097.1620052249-59568313.1601905412), extract the compressed folder, and then import the .unitypackage into your project. If you forget how to do this, refer to the instructions in [Lesson 1.1 - Step 2](https://learn.unity.com/tutorial/set-up-your-first-project-in-unity?uv=2018.4&courseId=5cf96c41edbc2a2ca6e8810f&projectId=5caccdfbedbc2a3cef0efe63#5cca0230edbc2a635ca5d6d2)
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From the Project window, open the Prototype 2 scene and delete the SampleScene
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In the top-right of the Unity Editor, change your Layout from Default to your custom layout
# 2.Add the 3d assets + first few lines of code
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If you want, drag a different material from Course Library > Materials onto the Ground object
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Drag 1 Human, 3 Animals, and 1 Food object into the Hierarchy
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Rename the character “Player”, then reposition the animals and food so you can see them
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Adjust the XYZ scale of the food so you can easily see it from above
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Attach the script to the Player and open it
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In your Assets folder, create a “Scripts” folder, and a “PlayerController” script inside
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At the top of PlayerController.cs, declare a new
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\[SerializeField\]
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private float horizontalInput
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In Update(), set horizontalInput = Input.GetAxis(“Horizontal”), then test to make sure it works in the inspector
- ```c# using UnityEngine; public class Movement : MonoBehaviour {     [SerializeField]     private float horizontalInput;     // Start is called before the first frame update     void Start()     {              }     // Update is called once per frame     void Update()     {         horizontalInput = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");     } } ``` ## 4.Move the player left-to-right - here we can get our input with this basic code, we use \[SerializeField\] for sanitization and allow us to see the value in the inspection panel to make sure we didn't fck up lol - Declare a new public float speed = 10.0f; - here's my code ``` using UnityEngine; public class Movement : MonoBehaviour { [SerializeField] private float horizontalInput; [SerializeField] private float speed = 30.0f; // Start is called before the first frame update void Start() { } // Update is called once per frame void Update() { horizontalInput = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"); transform.Translate(Vector3.right * horizontalInput * Time.deltaTime * speed); } } ``` #### 5+6. Keep the player inbounds -
In Update(), write an if-statement checking if the player’s left X position is less than a certain value
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In the if-statement, set the player’s position to its current position, but with a fixed X location
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Repeat this process for the right side of the screen
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Declare new xRange variable, then replace the hardcoded values with them
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Add comments to your code or not lol
``` using UnityEngine; public class Movement : MonoBehaviour { [SerializeField] private float horizontalInput; [SerializeField] private float speed = 10.0f; [SerializeField] private float xRange = 20.0f; // Start is called before the first frame update void Start() { } // Update is called once per frame void Update() { if (transform.position.x < -xRange) { transform.position = new Vector3(-xRange, transform.position.y , transform.position.z); } if (transform.position.x > xRange) { transform.position = new Vector3(xRange, transform.position.y, transform.position.z); } horizontalInput = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"); transform.Translate(Vector3.right * horizontalInput * Time.deltaTime * speed); } } ```
New Functionality The player can move left and right based on the user’s left and right key presses The player will not be able to leave the play area on either side New Concepts & Skills Adjust object scale If-statements Greater/Less than operators Next Lesson, We’ll learn how to create and throw endless amounts of food to feed our animals! now use chat gpt to teach me thing and fix a bug that can occur when you move fast float clampedX = Mathf.Clamp(desiredpoz.x, -Xrange, Xrange) become the min/max ``` using UnityEngine; //needed a bit of editing coz cgpt3.5 is stoooooooopid public class Movement : MonoBehaviour { [SerializeField] private float speed = 10.0f; [SerializeField] private float xRange = 10.0f; [SerializeField] private float horizontalInput; // Start is called before the first frame update void Start() { } // Update is called once per frame void Update() { horizontalInput = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"); // Calculate the desired position based on the input Vector3 desiredPosition = transform.position + Vector3.right * -horizontalInput * Time.deltaTime * speed; // Clamp the desired position within the x range float clampedX = Mathf.Clamp(desiredPosition.x, -xRange, xRange); desiredPosition = new Vector3(clampedX, desiredPosition.y, desiredPosition.z); // Move the object to the clamped position transform.position = desiredPosition; } } ``` # 3. Instantiation The first thing we must do is give the projectile some forward movement so it can zip across the scene when it’s launched by the player. #### 1.Make the projectile fly forwards -
Create a new “MoveForward” script, attach it to the food object, then open it
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Declare a new public float speed variable;
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In Update(), add transform.Translate(Vector3.forward \* Time.deltaTime \* speed);, then save
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In the Inspector, set the projectile’s speed variable, then test
``` using UnityEngine; public class Pizza_gun : MonoBehaviour { public GameObject Ammo; public float Weapon_Bullet_Projectile_Speed = 60.0f; // Start is called before the first frame update void Start() { Ammo = GetComponent(); } // Update is called once per frame void Update() { transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * Time.deltaTime * Weapon_Bullet_Projectile_Speed); } } ``` -
Create a new “Prefabs” folder, drag your food into it, and choose Original Prefab
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In PlayerController.cs, declare a new public GameObject projectilePrefab; variable
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Select the Player in the hierarchy, then drag the object from your Prefabs folder onto the new Projectile Prefab box in the inspector
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Try dragging the projectile into the scene at runtime to make sure they fly
- I added the ammo = get component thing for maybe powerups - In PlayerController.cs, in Update(), add an if-statement checking for a spacebar press: if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space)) {} - Inside the if-statement, add a comment saying that you should // Launch a projectile from the player -
Inside the if-statement, use the Instantiate method to spawn a projectile at the player’s location with the prefab’s rotation
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Select all three animals in the hierarchy and Add Component > Move ForwardRotate all animals on the Y axis by 180 degrees to face down
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Edit their speed values and test to see how it looks
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Drag all three animals into the Prefabs folder, choosing “Original Prefab”
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Test by dragging prefabs into scene view during gameplay
- ``` using UnityEngine; public class Movement : MonoBehaviour { [SerializeField] private float speed = 10.0f; [SerializeField] private float xRange = 10.0f; [SerializeField] private float horizontalInput; [SerializeField] public GameObject ProjectilePrefab; // Start is called before the first frame update void Start() { } // Update is called once per frame void Update() { horizontalInput = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"); // Calculate the desired position based on the input Vector3 desiredPosition = transform.position + Vector3.right * -horizontalInput * Time.deltaTime * speed; // Clamp the desired position within the x range float clampedX = Mathf.Clamp(desiredPosition.x, -xRange, xRange); desiredPosition = new Vector3(clampedX, desiredPosition.y, desiredPosition.z); // Move the object to the clamped position transform.position = desiredPosition; if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space)) { // shoot pizza Instantiate(ProjectilePrefab, transform.position, ProjectilePrefab.transform.rotation); } } } ``` #### 5.Make animals into prefabs -
Rotate all animals on the Y axis by 180 degrees to face down/ towards the player
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Select all three animals in the hierarchy and Add Component > Move Forward
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Edit their speed values and test to see how it looks
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Drag all three animals into the Prefabs folder, choosing “Original Prefab”
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Test by dragging prefabs into scene view during gameplay
#### 6.Destroy projectiles offscreen -
Create “DestroyOutOfBounds” script and apply it to the projectile
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Add a new private float topBound variable and initialize it = 30;
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Write code to destroy if out of top bounds if (transform.position.z > topBound) { Destroy(gameObject); }
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In the Inspector Overrides drop-down, click Apply all to apply it to prefab
#### 7. Destroy animals offscreen -
Create else-if statement to check if objects are beneath lowerBound: else if (transform.position.z < lowerBound)
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Apply the script to all of the animals, then Override the prefabs
- ## 8.Lesson Recap
New Functionality
- The player can press the Spacebar to launch a projectile prefab,
Projectile and Animals are removed from the scene if they leave the screen
New Concepts & Skills
- Create Prefabs - Override Prefabs - Test for Key presses - Instantiate objects - Destroy objects
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Else-if statements
Next Lesson -
Instead of dropping all these animal prefabs onto the scene, we’ll create a herd of animals roaming the plain!
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Lesson 2.2 - Food Flight
Skills practiced:
Absolute Beginner Code Comprehension
Interpret simple code
Improve simple code using the features of an IDE
Absolute Beginner Application Scripting
Use common logic structures to control the execution of code.
Write code that utilizes the various Unity APIs
Implement appropriate data types
Write code that integrates into an existing system
Implement a code style that is efficient and easy to read
Prototype new concepts
)
# Random Animal Stampeed #### 1. Create a spawn manager - In the Hierarchy, create an Empty object called “SpawnManager” - Create a new script called “SpawnManager”, attach it to the Spawn Manager, and open it - Declare new public GameObject\[ \] animalPrefabs; - In the Inspector, change the Array size to match your animal count, then assign your animals by dragging them from the Project window into the empty slots Note: Make sure you drag them from the Project window; not the Hierarchy! If you're going to spawn objects, you need to make sure you're using Prefabs, which are stored in the Project window. #### 2. Spawn an animal if S is pressed - In Update(), write an if-then statement to instantiate a new animal prefab at the top of the screen if S is pressed - Declare a new public int animalIndex and incorporate it in the Instantiate call, then test editing the value in the Inspector #### 3. Spawn random animals from an array - In the if-statement checking if S is pressed, generate a random int animalIndex between 0 and the length of the array - Remove the global animalIndex variable, since it is only needed locally in the if-statement #### 4. Randomize the spawn location - Replace the X value for the Vector3 with Random.Range(-20, 20), then test - Within the if-statement, make a new local Vector3 spawnPos variable - At the top of the class, create private float variables for spawnRangeX and spawnPosZ 5. Change the perspective of the camera - Toggle between Perspective and Isometric view in the Scene view to appreciate the difference - Select the camera and change the Projection from “Perspective” to “Orthographic” 6. Lesson Recap
New Functionality
- The player can press the S to spawn an animal - Animal selection and spawn location are randomized - Camera projection (perspective/orthographic) selected New Concepts & Skills - - Spawn Manager - Arrays - Keycodes - Random generation - Local vs Global variables - Perspective vs Isometric projections Next Lesson - Using collisions to feed our animals! # Collision Decisions + GAME OVER ## 1. Make a new method to spawn animals -
In SpawnManager.cs, create a new void SpawnRandomAnimal() {} function beneath Update()
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Cut and paste the code from the if-then statement to the new function
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Call SpawnRandomAnimal(); if S is pressed
## 2. Spawn the animals at timed intervals -
In Start(), use InvokeRepeating to spawn the animals based on an interval, then test.
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Remove the if-then statement that tests for S being pressed
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Declare new private startDelay and spawnInterval variables then playtest and tweak variable values
## 3. Add collider and trigger components -
Double-click on one of the animal prefabs, then Add Component > Box Collider
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Click Edit Collider, then drag the collider handles to encompass the object
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Check the “Is Trigger” checkbox
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Repeat this process for each of the animals and the projectile
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Add a RigidBody component to the projectile and uncheck “use gravity”
## 4. Destroy objects on collision -
Create a new DetectCollisions.cs script, add it to each animal prefab, then open it
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Before the final } add an OnTriggerEnter function using autocomplete
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In OnTriggerEnter, put Destroy(gameObject);, then test
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In OnTriggerEnter, put Destroy(other.gameObject);
## 5. Trigger a “Game Over” message -
In DestroyOutOfBounds.cs, in the else-if condition that checks if the animals reach the bottom of the screen, add a Game Over messsage: Debug.Log(“Game Over!”)
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Clean up your code with comments
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If using Visual Studio, Click Edit > Advanced > Format document to fix any indentation issues (On a Mac, click Edit > Format > Format Document)
## 6. Lesson Recap
New Functionality
- Animals spawn on a timed interval and walk down the screen - When animals get past the player, it triggers a “Game Over” message - If a projectile collides with an animal, both objects are removed
New Concepts & Skills
- Create custom methods/functions - InvokeRepeating() to repeat code - Colliders and Triggers - Override functions - Log Debug messages to console Pizza\_gun ```c# using UnityEngine; public class Pizza_gun : MonoBehaviour { [SerializeField] public float Weapon_Bullet_Projectile_Speed = 60.0f; [SerializeField] private float topBound = -60; // Update is called once per frame void Update() { transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * Time.deltaTime * Weapon_Bullet_Projectile_Speed); if (transform.position.z < topBound) { Destroy(gameObject); } } private void OnTriggerEnter(Collider other) { Destroy(gameObject); Destroy(other.gameObject); } } ``` Spawn\_manager - ``` using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine; public class SpawnManager : MonoBehaviour { public GameObject[] animalPrefabs = new GameObject[10]; [SerializeField] private float spawnRangeX = 20.0f; [SerializeField] private float spawnPozY = -20.0f; [SerializeField] private float startDelay = 5f; [SerializeField] private float spawnInterval = 2f; // Start is called before the first frame update void Start() { // invoke repeating, will make the method or void def function with name "nameInQuotes" // it will call that function after , delay, then chozen interval InvokeRepeating("SpawnRandomAnimal", startDelay, spawnInterval); } // Update is called once per frame void Update() { if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.S)) { SpawnRandomAnimal(); } } void SpawnRandomAnimal() { // Select a random index within the array range int random_animal_Index = Random.Range(0, animalPrefabs.Length); Vector3 spawnPos = new Vector3(Random.Range(-spawnRangeX, spawnRangeX), spawnPozY, -30); // Instantiate the selected animalPrefab Instantiate(animalPrefabs[random_animal_Index], spawnPos, animalPrefabs[random_animal_Index].transform.rotation); } } ``` - movement ``` using UnityEngine; public class Movement : MonoBehaviour { [SerializeField] private float speed = 10.0f; [SerializeField] private float xRange = 10.0f; [SerializeField] private float horizontalInput; [SerializeField] public GameObject ProjectilePrefab; // Start is called before the first frame update void Start() { } // Update is called once per frame void Update() { horizontalInput = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"); // Calculate the desired position based on the input Vector3 desiredPosition = transform.position + Vector3.right * -horizontalInput * Time.deltaTime * speed; // Clamp the desired position within the x range float clampedX = Mathf.Clamp(desiredPosition.x, -xRange, xRange); desiredPosition = new Vector3(clampedX, desiredPosition.y, desiredPosition.z); // Move the object to the clamped position transform.position = desiredPosition; if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space)) { // shoot pizza Instantiate(ProjectilePrefab, transform.position, ProjectilePrefab.transform.rotation); } } } ``` Animal Movement ``` using UnityEngine; public class AnimalMovement : MonoBehaviour { public float Animal_Movement_Speed = 50.0f; public float lowerBound = 50; // Start is called before the first frame update void Start() { } // Update is called once per frame void Update() { transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * Time.deltaTime * Animal_Movement_Speed); if (transform.position.z > lowerBound) { Destroy(gameObject); Debug.Log("In the vernacular of your people... \n Game Over!"); } } } ``` -