Module 4 Glossary

New terms and their definitions: Course 1 Week 4 
 ARPANET: The earliest version of the Internet that we see today, created by the US government project DARPA in the 1960s 
 Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA): Regulates the information we show to children under the age of 13 
 Clients: A device that receives data from a server 
 DARPA: A US government project in the 1960s that went on to create the earliest version of the Internet that we see today 
 Domain name: A website name; the part of the URL following www. 
 Domain Name System (DNS): A global and highly distributed network service that resolves strings of letters, such as a website name, into an IP address 
 Ethernet cable: It lets you physically connect to the network through a cable 
 Fiber optic cable: Fiber optic cables contain individual optical fibers which are tiny tubes made of glass about the width of a human hair. Unlike copper, which uses electrical voltages, fiber cables use pulses of light to represent the ones and zeros of the underlying data 
 Globalization: The movement that lets governments, businesses, and organizations communicate and integrate together on an international scale 
 Hubs: Devices that serve as a central location through which data travels through 
 Internet: A worldwide system of interconnected networks 
 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN): Where website names are registered 
 Internet of Things (IoT): The concept that more and more devices are connected to the internet in a smarter fashion such as smart thermostats that turn off the air conditioner when you leave and turn it on when you come back 
 Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4): An address that consists of 32 bits separated into four groups 
 Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6): An address that consist of a 128 bits, four times the amount that IPv4 uses 
 Internet service provider (ISP) : A company that provides a consumer an internet connection 
 IP address: The most common protocol used in the network layer, used to helps us route information 
 MAC address: A globally unique identifier attached to an individual network interface. It's a 48-bit number normally represented by six groupings of two hexadecimal numbers 
 Network: The interconnection of computers 
 Network Address Translation (NAT): A mitigation tool that lets organizations use one public IP address and many private IP addresses within the network 
 Networking: Managing, building and designing networks 
 Networking protocols: A set of rules for how we transfer data in a network 
 Network stack: A set of hardware or software that provides the infrastructure for a computer 
 Router: A device that knows how to forward data between independent networks 
 Server logs: Text files that contains recorded information about activities performed on a specific web server in a defined period of time 
 Servers: Devices that provide data to other devices that request that data, also known as a client 
 Switches: Devices that help our data travel 
 Transfer Control Protocol (TCP): A protocol that handles reliable delivery of information from one network to another 
 Uniform Resource Locator (URL): A web address similar to a home address 
 WannaCry Attack: A cyber attack that started in Europe and infected hundreds of thousands of computers across the world 
 Wireless networking (Wi-Fi): Networks you connect to through radios and antennas 
 World Wide Web (WWW): The information system that enables documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet