# Module 4 Glossary **New terms and their definitions: Course 1 Week 4** **ARPANET:** The earliest version of the Internet that we see today, created by the US government project DARPA in the 1960s **Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA):** Regulates the information we show to children under the age of 13 **Clients:** A device that receives data from a server **DARPA:** A US government project in the 1960s that went on to create the earliest version of the Internet that we see today **Domain name:** A website name; the part of the URL following www. **Domain Name System (DNS):** A global and highly distributed network service that resolves strings of letters, such as a website name, into an IP address **Ethernet cable:** It lets you physically connect to the network through a cable **Fiber optic cable:** Fiber optic cables contain individual optical fibers which are tiny tubes made of glass about the width of a human hair. Unlike copper, which uses electrical voltages, fiber cables use pulses of light to represent the ones and zeros of the underlying data **Globalization:** The movement that lets governments, businesses, and organizations communicate and integrate together on an international scale **Hubs:** Devices that serve as a central location through which data travels through **Internet:** A worldwide system of interconnected networks **Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN):** Where website names are registered **Internet of Things (IoT):** The concept that more and more devices are connected to the internet in a smarter fashion such as smart thermostats that turn off the air conditioner when you leave and turn it on when you come back **Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4):** An address that consists of 32 bits separated into four groups **Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6):** An address that consist of a 128 bits, four times the amount that IPv4 uses **Internet service provider (ISP)**: A company that provides a consumer an internet connection **IP address:** The most common protocol used in the network layer, used to helps us route information **MAC address:** A globally unique identifier attached to an individual network interface. It's a 48-bit number normally represented by six groupings of two hexadecimal numbers **Network:** The interconnection of computers **Network Address Translation (NAT):** A mitigation tool that lets organizations use one public IP address and many private IP addresses within the network **Networking:** Managing, building and designing networks **Networking protocols:** A set of rules for how we transfer data in a network **Network stack:** A set of hardware or software that provides the infrastructure for a computer **Router:** A device that knows how to forward data between independent networks **Server logs:** Text files that contains recorded information about activities performed on a specific web server in a defined period of time **Servers:** Devices that provide data to other devices that request that data, also known as a client **Switches:** Devices that help our data travel **Transfer Control Protocol (TCP):** A protocol that handles reliable delivery of information from one network to another **Uniform Resource Locator (URL):** A web address similar to a home address **WannaCry Attack:** A cyber attack that started in Europe and infected hundreds of thousands of computers across the world **Wireless networking (Wi-Fi):** Networks you connect to through radios and antennas **World Wide Web (WWW):** The information system that enables documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet